城市公园改造的主题设计理念

通过探讨城市公园改造的主题设计理念,充分挖掘地方特色自然资源、礼乐资源及深厚的文化资源,结合公园现状特征合理划分功能区块,营造以"城市自然音乐厅"为主题的城市公园,为现代城市的发展提供人与自然和谐相处的良好环境。     

浅谈小城市防护性带状生态绿地的建设 ——以山西省稷山县城西防护绿地规划设计为例

以防护功能为主,兼顾游憩功能的防护绿地以其特殊的形式和较大的服务半径,正在成为许多小城市的景观廊道和游憩绿地。本文以山西省稷山县城西防护绿地规划设计为例,依据稷山县总体规划、土地利用现状、周边环境等,对绿地进行了总体定位,并在此基础上完成城西生态公园总体规划,创造出集防护性、休闲性、景观性、文化性于一体的纵贯稷山县城西部的绿色景观廊道,营造一处城市与自然共荣共生的生态绿地。     

岭南园林文化对森林公园文化建设的启迪

在分析当代岭南园林文化对传统岭南园林文化传承与发展的基础上,通过实地考察,以园林个案为切入点,论述了岭南园林文化对森林公园文化建设的启迪,以为园林文化和森林公园文化的建设提供参考。     

城市公园降温效应的季节性差异研究——以石家庄市为例

为研究不同时间尺度下城市公园绿岛效应的演变过程和变化特征,选取石家庄二环内区域2014-2015年4景不同季节的Landsat8TM遥感影像数据,利用定量遥感中的地温反演模型、ArcGIS的缓冲区工具以及景观格局分析理论,对研究区公园绿岛效应的季节演变特征与景观格局指数进行分析。结果表明:1)城市公园对周边热环境的降温范围和幅度有明显季节差异,各个公园的季节差异大小各有不同;2)在夏季,公园是城市绿岛的集中所在地,其他季节则不明显;3)当内部草地和不透水面占比之和超过50%时,公园在春、秋、冬季节的绿岛效应便会明显减弱,超过80%时会成为城市热岛中心;4)当内部林地和水体占比超过55%时,公园在四季均有明显降温效应。     

早期上海外滩公共景观形成机制及其特征研究

梳理了上海开埠至19世纪末外滩航运港岸功能的形成与演变,及其向经济、商业中心初步转化的轨迹,基于租界时期的土地权属、租地政策和中外关系。从公私矛盾与中外制衡等角度,深入分析了外滩公共景观的形成机制,阐述了早期上海外滩景观的发展及其主要特征。     

Assessment of spatial equity of urban park distribution from the perspective of supply-demand interactions

Urban parks have been widely recognized for the critical functions they provide in enhancing health and wellbeing. However, parks are known to be inadequately provided and non-uniformly distributed in cities, leading to an increasing interest to examine spatial equity of park distribution. Such studies have mostly focused on the distributional attributes of park supply in determining spatial equity, while the role of residents’ demand is usually ignored or not adequately assessed. In addition, people’s preferences for park use were normally ignored and nearest parks were assumed as supplier of park services. Moreover, even though equity assessment is scale-dependent, few studies adopt a multi-scale assessment. We report on a study to address these gaps. A multi-scale Supply-Demand Equity Index (SDEI) was developed to assess spatial equity of park distribution from the perspective of supply and demand interactions, and data were collected at a fine scale of neighborhood level. Residents’ accessibility to their most often used parks and nearest parks were used to assess and compare supply level; while residents’ perceptions obtained from surveys and population density were used to assess and compare demand level. Results showed that supply measured by accessibility to most often used park more accurately reflects supply, and demand assessment on the basis of perception could reflect variations among different social groups and reveal otherwise hidden patterns of spatial inequity. It was also shown that SDEI could identify areas where mismatch between supply and demand occurs. We demonstrated in a single study that different definitions and approaches of quantifying spatial equity can lead to distinct conclusions, therein highlighting that the complex nature of equity requires nuanced approaches and providing a broader view of equity assessment. In addition, the implications of this study for urban park planning and management were highlighted.     

The fate of urban green spaces: Assessment of the ownership,availability and conditions of parks in Accra,Ghana

Globally, the loss of green spaces threatens the sustainability of many cities. Among other factors, complex land ownership and management regime reportedly disrupt land administration and development; but with inconclusive empirical evidence on how this influences the conditions, availability and development of parks. This study, using Accra, thus employs document analysis, 16 key informant interviews and observation of majaor parks to: (i) explore the spatial location of parks and the relationship between their ownership and conditions, (ii) examine the factors which have influenced the decline in park size and conditions, and (iii) examine the institutional response to improving upon park planning, availability and conditions. The findings show distributive injustice of parks as most of them are located in high- and middle-income neighborhoods. There is also evidence of decreasing available park land per 1000 population between 1991 and 2022. Parks managed by private institutions were found to be in very good state compared to those managed by state institutions. The existing dualistic and complex land tenure regime have largely led to the decline in park availability and conditions. Other reported factors were rapid urbanization, land litigation, low priority to park development and planning, laxity in the enforcement of regulations, and political interference. The study makes recommendations to improve upon existing practices and generally enhance park creation, availability and conditions.     

Environmental inequities in terms of different types of urban greenery in Hartford,Connecticut

Urban greenery has long been recognized as an important component of urban ecosystem and provides many benefits to urban residents. However, different types of urban greenery provide different kinds of natural experiences to people. In this study, green metrics calculated based on multisource spatial datasets were used to quantify the spatial distribution of different types of urban greenery in Hartford, Connecticut. Geo-tagged Google Street View images, which capture the profile view of cityscape, were used to quantify street greenery by considering the time information. Land cover map and urban parks map were used to measure residential yard greenery and proximity to urban parks, respectively. We analyzed the associations of the calculated green metrics with socio-economic variables derived from census data. Statistical results show that: (1) people with higher income tend to live in neighborhoods with more street greenery; (2) census block groups with a higher proportion of owner-occupied units tend to have more yard vegetation and yard tree/shrub coverage; (3) Hispanics tend to live in block groups that have less yard vegetation but African Americans mostly live in block groups with more yard greenery; and (4) there are no significant environmental disparities among racial/ethnic groups in terms of proximity to urban parks. In general, this study provides an insight into the environments of urban residents in terms of urban greenery, and a valuable reference data for urban planning.     

社区体育公园建成后使用满意度评估* ——以珠海市大镜山体育公园为例

运用问卷调查法、数理统计法针对珠海市大镜山社区体育公园建成后使用满意度评估，结果表明：1.市民对体育公园建设整体满意度评分较高，约8.503分；2.单项场馆评分以篮球场馆8.719评分最高，其余场馆均在8分以上；3.体育公园运动场管、设备种类齐全，充分发挥体育公园功能；4.门球场馆使用率低，棒球运动项目无场地可用；5.园内避雨避雷设施、安保问题、临时医疗救护站点设施设备不足；6.园内停车收费过高。     

Urban green space qualities reframed toward a public value management paradigm: The case of the Nordic Green Space Award

The change toward a public value management (PVM) paradigm in the public sector has challenged urban green space managers to rethink how they define and assess their services. In the Nordic countries, the challenge has resulted in the development of the Nordic Green Space Award (NSGA), as a new shared standard. This article reviews the NGSA scheme and its development. The development of the scheme embodies a methodology for how the question of ‘what makes for a good urban green space' collectively can be addressed within a particular regional context. The resulting scheme relies on ‘structure and general aspects', 'functionality and experience', and ‘management and organisation', as three principal themes and provides an easily manageable, unified and affordable approach to assessment of a variety of urban green spaces. Conceptually, the scheme resembles other comparable assessment schemes; however, its credibility rests on its regional grounding in the Nordic context.